Historical Hastings - Recent changes [en-gb]

Battle of Hastings

RoyPenfold — Sat, 24 Oct 2026 22:19:15 GMT

The Arrow to the Eye - A recent Interpretation?

Bar Diva

RoyPenfold — Fri, 23 Oct 2026 16:21:43 GMT

Redirected page to Silverhill Tavern

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#REDIRECT [[Silverhill Tavern]]

File:Sedlescombe Road North c1990.jpg

RoyPenfold — Fri, 23 Oct 2026 16:21:21 GMT

RoyPenfold uploaded File:Sedlescombe Road North c1990.jpg Uploaded a work by Valerie Churms from Facebook [https://www.facebook.com/groups/1557806877879659/?multi_permalinks=4601434890183494 Silverhill Remembered] with UploadWizard

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=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1={{Visible|Sedlescombe Road North}} c1990s. {{Visible|Bar Diva}} can be seen as well as the {{Visible|St. Leonards Florist}}, {{Visible|Welcome Stranger}}, {{Visible|Silverhill Post Office}}, the {{Visible|Golden Wok}} and {{Visible|Hastings & Rother Association for the blind}}. A still extant {{Visible|Bus Stop}} can be seen with the junction of {{Visible|Vale Road}} behind.}}
|date=1990-05-05
|source=Facebook [https://www.facebook.com/groups/1557806877879659/?multi_permalinks=4601434890183494 Silverhill Remembered]
|author=Valerie Churms
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

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Air Raids

RoyPenfold — Thu, 22 Oct 2026 17:54:54 GMT

Known Air Raids

Nicholas Delves

RoyPenfold — Wed, 21 Oct 2026 08:26:05 GMT

Created page with "{{STUB}} A plaque commemorating both Nicholas and his brother Thomas is in St. Clements Church. The plaque reads:- "TO the memory of Capt. Thomas Delves, brother of Nicho..."

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{{STUB}}
A plaque commemorating both Nicholas and his brother Thomas is in [[St. Clements Church]]. The plaque reads:-

"TO the memory of Capt. Thomas Delves, brother of Nicholas Delves, of London, alderman.
He had the honour of being one of the barons of this antient towne and port who carried the canopy over King Charles the Second at his coronation.
He was Capt. of the trained bands for many years, and be was five times mayor of this towne. He faifhed his courle the 4th day of Septem, anno Dom. 1669, aged 57 years.
To the memory likewife of Nicholas Delves,
eldeft fon of Nicholas Delves, of London, alderman, who departed this life the 4th day of March, anno Dom. 1682, aged 34 years and ir moneths.
To the memory likewife of Mrs. Anne Delves,
wife of Thomas Delves, capt. thee finifhed her life the 23th of Febararey, anno Dom.
1686, 3 fcor yeares and 10."

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Thomas Delves

RoyPenfold — Wed, 21 Oct 2026 08:24:57 GMT

Created page with "{{STUB}} A plaque commemorating both Thomas and his brother Nicholas is in St. Clements Church. The plaque reads:- "TO the memory of Capt. Thomas Delves, brother of Nicho..."

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{{STUB}}
A plaque commemorating both Thomas and his brother Nicholas is in [[St. Clements Church]]. The plaque reads:-

"TO the memory of Capt. Thomas Delves, brother of Nicholas Delves, of London, alderman.
He had the honour of being one of the barons of this antient towne and port who carried the canopy over King Charles the Second at his coronation.
He was Capt. of the trained bands for many years, and be was five times mayor of this towne. He faifhed his courle the 4th day of Septem, anno Dom. 1669, aged 57 years.
To the memory likewife of Nicholas Delves,
eldeft fon of Nicholas Delves, of London, alderman, who departed this life the 4th day of March, anno Dom. 1682, aged 34 years and ir moneths.
To the memory likewife of Mrs. Anne Delves,
wife of Thomas Delves, capt. thee finifhed her life the 23th of Febararey, anno Dom.
1686, 3 fcor yeares and 10."

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Nicholas Delves (1618-1690)/sensor

RoyPenfold — Wed, 21 Oct 2026 08:19:10 GMT

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Nicholas Delves (1618-1690)

RoyPenfold — Wed, 21 Oct 2026 08:18:43 GMT

Created page with "{{Showfacts person |sex=M |given_name=Nicholas |surname=Delves |short_name=Nicholas Delves |birth_year=1618 |death_year=1690 |globals={{Get globals}} }} Delves originated fro..."

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{{Showfacts person
|sex=M
|given_name=Nicholas
|surname=Delves
|short_name=Nicholas Delves
|birth_year=1618
|death_year=1690
|globals={{Get globals}}
}}

Delves originated from a Sussex yeoman family. Apprenticed to a London Merchant Taylor in 1635, he became a tradesman in the capital yet kept ties with his native county, especially the Hastings area where his father farmed. His wife also came from a Sussex family, and in 1659 he purchased the manor of Hoseland, three miles north of Hastings, where his brother Thomas served as returning officer for both successful elections. He held no office during the Interregnum and likely held Anglican and royalist views. In the Convention he was a quiet Member, appointed to seven committees, including those drafting a clause in the book of rates for foreign ships and promoting English woollen manufactures and shipping. His sole committee of political weight concerned the attainder of Oliver Cromwell<ref name="ph">History of Parliament Online[https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/delves-nicholas-1618-90 Delves Nicholas]</ref>..

Delves probably did not stand in 1661. That year he was fined for alderman, and though elected to the common council, he appears to have lived in a large house in Camberwell, perhaps as tenant of the Muschamp estate that had passed to his kinsman Edward Eversfield through marriage. He gained a grant of lands in Devon to settle a £350 loan made to a distressed loyalist, Sir Henry Norton, during the Interregnum, and in 1664 he sold an investment of £600 in the East India Company; yet his wealth was clearly not among the great mercantile fortunes of the time. He served on the Camberwell vestry and was buried in the parish church on 3 Nov. 1690, the only member of the family to sit in Parliament<ref name="ph"/>.

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The History and Antiquities of the Town and Port of Hastings

RoyPenfold — Tue, 20 Oct 2026 11:47:48 GMT

Page:The history and antiquities of the town.pdf/64

RoyPenfold — Tue, 20 Oct 2026 11:45:40 GMT

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<noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="RoyPenfold" /></noinclude>a Brotherhood and Guestling be arreared this year, these are, therefore, to pray and brotherly require them to be at the time and place appointed, on the hour accustomed (which is eight of the clock in the morning) with the full number of persons duly returned and commissioned, according to their ancient customs and usages, time out of mind used and approved, & c ."

At the day of appearance , the Persons returned to sit and act in the said Courts, bring with them Commissions from their respective Towns, sealed with the common seal of their Corporation.
===THE COMMISSION.===
"To all christian people to whom these Presents shall come, and especially to the right' Worshipful our loving Brethren, Combarons, and Friends, the Mayors, Jurats, and Combarons, of the Cinque Ports and two ancient Towns, to be assembled at a general Brotherhood, to be holden at the Town and Port of New Romney, one of the said Cinque Ports, upon Tuesday the 26th day of July instant: We, the Mayors, Jurats, and Commonalty of the ancient Town of Rye, in the County of Sussex, send greeting. Know ye, that we have received your Letters of Summons for the said Brotherhood, sent from the Mayor and Jurats of the Town and Port of Hasting ; and at a common Assembly of us the said Mayor, Jurats, and Commonalty of Rye aforesaid, holden at Rye aforesaid, the 17th day of June last past, have elected; chosen , constituted, assigned, and appointed our well beloved A. B. Esq. Mayor of Rye aforesaid , C. D. Bailiff elect to Great Yarmouth, for the year to come, E. F. and G. H. Jurats, I.J. Com mon Clerk, K. L. Chamberlain, and M. N. Commoners and Freemen of the said Town, Persons who have each of them taken a corporal Oath for the maintenance of the Charters, Liberties, and Customs of the said Ports, ancient Towns, and their Members, to be and appear for us, and in our names, place, and stead, at the said Brotherhood, at the said Town and Port of New Romney, the day aforesaid, at the hour accustomed, as well to hear the Relation of the -<noinclude></noinclude>

Page:The history and antiquities of the town.pdf/63

RoyPenfold — Tue, 20 Oct 2026 11:42:43 GMT

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<noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="RoyPenfold" /></noinclude>summoning of these Courts is thus : the Town that is Speaker, sends a letter at the beginning of its Speakership, to the other Ports and ancient Towns, to know their opinion, whether a Brotherhood and Guestling be necessary to be assessed that year (upon the back of which every of them indorse their answer) in such or the like Form as followeth :

"Right Worshipful Sirs,

"Loving Brethren, Combarons, and Friends, our right hearty affections and salutations to you presented . Whereas by septennary revolution, the Speakership of the Ports isnow devolved upon us, we have thought meet to issue forth these our timely letters to you, whereby we pray and brotherly require your Advice and Subscriptions, whether, as our Affairsnow stand, a Brotherhood or Guestling, or either of them , is necessary to be arreared this year. We, for our parts, considering the state of our affairs, are of opinion and think fit, that both a Brotherhood and Guestling be summoned to meet at the Town and Port of New Romney in the County of Kent, on the Tuesday after the feast of St. Margaret next ensuing, at the hour accustomed : nevertheless, we sub mit to your grave wisdoms and determinations in these Premises. And so we commit you to God, and rest

From Hasting, under the seal of office of Mayoralty these the first day of June 1653.

Your loving Brethren , Combarons, and Friends, the Mayor and Jurats of the Town and Port of Hasting, Speaker."

"Upon this, if by four or more of these Seven Ports and Towns, one or both is thought fit to be holden , then 40 days before the day of meeting, the letters of summons go forth, directed, as the former, to the Mayor and Jurats only of the said Ports and ancient Towns, if for the Brotherhood ; and if for a Guestling also, then to the Mayors, Bailiffs, and Jurats of them and their Members, with the like. Title of Right Worshipful Sirs, &c.' to this effect.

"That forasmuch as by the greater part of the Brethren of the Cinque Ports andancient Towns it is concluded, that -<noinclude></noinclude>

File:Monument to James Burton, Gloucester Lodge.jpg

RoyPenfold — Sun, 18 Oct 2026 15:58:34 GMT

Gloucester Lodge

RoyPenfold — Sun, 18 Oct 2026 15:55:31 GMT

Monument to James Burton

File:Monument to James Burton, Gloucester Lodge.jpg

RoyPenfold — Sun, 18 Oct 2026 15:47:49 GMT

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Monument to James Burton in garden of [[Gloucester Lodge]].

{{Photographer|Stephen J. Davis}}

Gloucester Lodge

RoyPenfold — Sun, 18 Oct 2026 15:35:21 GMT

Caroline House

RoyPenfold — Fri, 16 Oct 2026 16:41:01 GMT

70 Hollington Old Lane

RoyPenfold — Fri, 16 Oct 2026 16:31:44 GMT

Redirected page to Caroline House

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#REDIRECT [[Caroline House]]

File:Front View 70 Hollington Old Lane.jpg

RoyPenfold — Fri, 16 Oct 2026 16:31:13 GMT

File:70 Hollington Old Lane Post-War plans.png

RoyPenfold — Fri, 16 Oct 2026 16:30:42 GMT

File:Kitchen 70 Hollington Old Lane.jpg

RoyPenfold — Fri, 16 Oct 2026 16:30:15 GMT

RoyPenfold uploaded File:Kitchen 70 Hollington Old Lane.jpg Uploaded a work by PCM Estate Agents from [https://www.rightmove.co.uk/properties/88153368 Rightmove] with UploadWizard

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=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1={{Visible|70 Hollington Old Lane}}}}
|date=2026-05-05
|source=[https://www.rightmove.co.uk/properties/88153368 Rightmove]
|author=[[PCM Estate Agents]]
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
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File:Room 70 Hollington Old Lane.jpg

RoyPenfold — Fri, 16 Oct 2026 16:30:15 GMT

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File:Bedroom 70 Hollington Old Lane.jpg

RoyPenfold — Fri, 16 Oct 2026 16:30:15 GMT

RoyPenfold uploaded File:Bedroom 70 Hollington Old Lane.jpg Uploaded a work by PCM Estate Agents from [https://www.rightmove.co.uk/properties/88153368 Rightmove] with UploadWizard

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File:70 Hollington Old Lane Post-War plans.png

RoyPenfold — Fri, 16 Oct 2026 16:30:15 GMT

RoyPenfold uploaded File:70 Hollington Old Lane Post-War plans.png Uploaded a work by HBC from {{HBCPlanning|FA/51/00532}} with UploadWizard

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=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1={{Visible|70 Hollington Old Lane}}}}
|date=1955-05-05
|source={{HBCPlanning|FA/51/00532}}
|author=HBC
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
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File:Attic Room 70 Hollington Old Lane.jpg

RoyPenfold — Fri, 16 Oct 2026 16:30:14 GMT

RoyPenfold uploaded File:Attic Room 70 Hollington Old Lane.jpg Uploaded a work by PCM Estate Agents from [https://www.rightmove.co.uk/properties/88153368 Rightmove] with UploadWizard

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File:Front View 70 Hollington Old Lane.jpg

RoyPenfold — Fri, 16 Oct 2026 16:30:14 GMT

RoyPenfold uploaded File:Front View 70 Hollington Old Lane.jpg Uploaded a work by PCM Estate Agents from [https://www.rightmove.co.uk/properties/88153368 Rightmove] with UploadWizard

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Caroline House

RoyPenfold — Fri, 16 Oct 2026 16:21:02 GMT

Caroline House

RoyPenfold — Fri, 16 Oct 2026 16:13:28 GMT

Created page with "Located at 70 Hollington Old Lane, this property was damaged during the Second World War, leading to a planning application to convert the building into..."

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Located at 70 [[Hollington Old Lane]], this property was damaged during the [[:Category:WW2|Second World War]], leading to a planning application to convert the building into two flats<ref>{{HBCPlanning|HS/FA/51/00532}}</ref>. The building was subsequently operated as an engineering depot by R.J. Deeprose, an electrical motor workshop<ref>{{HBCPlanning|HS/EX/80/00859</ref> into and through the 1980s. The site then was placed on the open market in 2026, with planning permission granted in principle to construct up to four houses on the land<ref>{{HBCPlanning|HS/PIP/26/00240}}</ref> with an asking price in the region of £350,000<ref>[https://www.rightmove.co.uk/properties/88153368#/?channel=COM_BUY Rightmove]</ref>.
{{ShowImages}}
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[[Category:Named Buildings]]

File:Coombs 1995.png

RoyPenfold — Thu, 15 Oct 2026 20:31:20 GMT

File:Coombs 1995.png

RoyPenfold — Thu, 15 Oct 2026 20:30:54 GMT

RoyPenfold uploaded File:Coombs 1995.png Uploaded a work by Andy Clifton from Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/@andyclifton4122 Andy Clifton] with UploadWizard

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=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1={{Visible|Coombs}} {{VH|Western Road}}}}
|date=1995-05-05
|source=Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/@andyclifton4122 Andy Clifton]
|author=Andy Clifton
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

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File:Hollingsworth Braybrook Road 1999.png

RoyPenfold — Thu, 15 Oct 2026 20:30:54 GMT

RoyPenfold uploaded File:Hollingsworth Braybrook Road 1999.png Uploaded a work by Andy Clifton from Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/@andyclifton4122 Andy Clifton] with UploadWizard

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=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1={{Visible|Hollingsworth}} {{VH|Braybrook Road}}}}
|date=1999-05-05
|source=Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/@andyclifton4122 Andy Clifton]
|author=Andy Clifton
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

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F. Rossiter

RoyPenfold — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 22:25:38 GMT

St. Leonards Caves

RoyPenfold — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 15:37:22 GMT

Use by Smugglers

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ==The Anglo-Saxons==
 The term Anglo-Saxon as used to describe the tribes that occupied much of England prior to the 1066 invasion would appear to be a foreign invention utilised mainly on the continent where it was used to distinguish between the Germanic Saxons and the English Saxons. Splitting the hyphenated term, the origins of Anglo/Angles or the ''Anglii'', the first mention of this term appears in the writings of the Roman historian Tacitus. The Angles, along with the Frisians, Jutes and other lesser-known tribes were the diaspora that occupied early Britain. Whilst the Saxons became the dominant group in England, the stand alone word ''Seax'' in old English was never widely utilised and, if used, only to describe the Saxons - the population mainly being referred to as ''Englisc''<ref name="smithsonianmag.com">Smithsonian Magazine: [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/many-myths-term-anglo-saxon-180978169/ The Many Myths of the Term 'Anglo-Saxon' | History | Smithsonian Magazine], accessdate: 20 July 2021</ref>.
 ==The victor crowned==

@@ Line 137: / Line 137: @@
 |3 March 1943|| || ||[[Magdalen Terrace]] (Nos 182-186 [[Bohemia Road]])<ref>Hastings & St. Leonards in the Front Line</ref>{{EventDetail|3|3|1943|Nos 182-186 Bohemia Road (Magdalen Terrace) destroyed by enemy action}}
 |-
-|[[Tip and Run Raid 11 March 43|11 March 1943]]||1||20||[[Combermere Road]], [[Battle Road]], [[St. Matthews School]] & [[Alma Terrace]]; this being the raid causing the highest number of fatalities<ref name="mhp"/><ref name="saw"/>||38{{EventDetail|11|3|1943|Tip and Run raid on Silverhill leads to destruction of St. Matthews School and 38 casualties}}
+|[[Tip and Run Raid 11 March 43|11 March 1943]]||1||20||[[Combermere Road]], [[Battle Road]], [[St. Matthews School]] & [[Alma Terrace]]; this being the raid causing the highest number of fatalities<ref name="mhp"/><ref name="saw"/>{{EventDetail|11|3|1943|Tip and Run raid on Silverhill leads to destruction of St. Matthews School and 38 casualties.}}<br/><br/>In addition, a bomb caused damage at [[St. Helen's Crescent]] and [[St. Helen's Park Road]]; the bomb only detonating after travelling “approx: 540 ft” down St. Helen's Park Road to [[St. Helen's Road]] and [[Alexandra Park]]. The explosion caused damage to two houses, light damage to up to 1,800 ft, fractured a water main, and took down 1/4 mile of trolley bus wires<ref>Facebook [https://www.facebook.com/groups/hastingshistory/posts/2319197355593742/?comment_id=2319278838918927 Graham Seaton]]</ref>.||38
 |-
 |13 March 1943|| || ||[[Adelaide House]]<ref>John Busbridge [https://www.facebook.com/groups/historicalhastings/permalink/2582823382034642/?comment_id=2584264125223901 Historical Hastings Facebook Group]</ref>||1
@@ Line 161: / Line 161: @@
 |29 July 1944||||||V1 [[St. Leonards Church|St. Leonards Church]]<ref name="mhp"/>{{EventDetail|29|7|1944|St. Leonards Church destroyed by V1 flying bomb. This is the last damage recorded during WW2}}
 |-
-|4 August 1944||||||V1 shot down near the bottom of [[Wishing Tree Road]]}}
+|4 August 1944||||||V1 shot down near the bottom of [[Wishing Tree Road]]
 |}

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 Copies of the book in other formats may be found here: {{MossBook}}.
 {{BookCSS}}
-<pages index="The history and antiquities of the town.pdf" from=6 to=60/>
+<pages index="The history and antiquities of the town.pdf" from=6 to=64/>
 {{RN}}
 {{footer}}
 [[Category:Research Sources]]
 [[Category:Books]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:58, 18 October 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	Monument to James Burton in garden of [[Gloucester Lodge]].	+	Monument to James Burton in garden of [[Gloucester Lodge]] adjacent to the fence separating it from the public gardens, consisting of a pink granite rounded-top obelisk with a likeness of James Burton in the form of a bronze plaque. It is inscribed 'James Burton Founder of St Leonards 1828 Born 1761 Died 1837'. The granite obelisk features a water-fitting under the inscription, which originally ran into a bowl and later had a tap attached (now non-functioning). This monument is {{Listed\|II\|1286757}}

	{{Photographer\|Stephen J. Davis}}		{{Photographer\|Stephen J. Davis}}

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 [[Notables::Princess Sophia Matilda]] stayed here during 1831<ref>{{MMH|93}}</ref><ref>Views of St. Leonards on Sea (C. H. Southall 1842)</ref>
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@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 |Coordinates=
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 [[Notables::Princess Sophia Matilda]] stayed here during 1831<ref>{{MMH|93}}</ref><ref>Views of St. Leonards on Sea (C. H. Southall 1842)</ref>
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-Located at 70 [[Hollington Old Lane]], this Victorian property was damaged during the [[:Category:WW2|Second World War]], leading to a planning application to convert the building into two flats<ref>{{HBCPlanning|HS/FA/51/00532}}</ref>. The building was subsequently operated as an engineering depot by R.J. Deeprose Ltd., an electrical motor workshop<ref>{{HBCPlanning|HS/EX/80/00859}}</ref> into and through the 1980s; this company being dissolved in August 2025<ref>[https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/04146762 Companies House]</ref>. The site then was placed on the open market in 2026, with planning permission granted in principle to construct up to four houses on the land<ref>{{HBCPlanning|HS/PIP/26/00240}}</ref> with an asking price in the region of £350,000<ref>[https://www.rightmove.co.uk/properties/88153368#/ Rightmove]</ref>.
+Located at 70 [[Hollington Old Lane]], this Victorian property was damaged during the [[:Category:WW2|Second World War]], leading to a planning application to convert the building into two flats<ref>{{HBCPlanning|HS/FA/51/00532}}</ref>. The building was subsequently operated as an engineering depot by R.J. Deeprose Ltd., an electrical motor workshop<ref>{{HBCPlanning|HS/EX/80/00859}}</ref> from the 1970s into and through the 1980s; this company being dissolved in August 2025<ref>[https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/04146762 Companies House]</ref>. The site then was placed on the open market in 2026, with planning permission granted in principle to construct up to four houses on the land<ref>{{HBCPlanning|HS/PIP/26/00240}}</ref> with an asking price in the region of £350,000<ref>[https://www.rightmove.co.uk/properties/88153368#/ Rightmove]</ref>.
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 =={{int:filedesc}}==
 {{Information
-|description={{en|1={{Visible|70 Hollington Old Lane}}}}
+|description={{en|1={{Visible|Caroline House}}}}
 |date=2026-05-05
 |source=[https://www.rightmove.co.uk/properties/88153368 Rightmove]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 =={{int:filedesc}}==
 {{Information
-|description={{en|1={{Visible|Coombs}} {{VH|Western Road}}}}
+|description={{en|1={{Visible|Coombs Motors}} {{VH|Western Road}}}}
 |date=1995-05-05
 |source=Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/@andyclifton4122 Andy Clifton]

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 Mr. Rossiter also served as a Church Warden for [[St. Clements Church]] in the late 19th century<ref>{{BNA|0000293/18820204/015/0003}}</ref>.
-It would appear that a relative took over the practice in the 1910s because there is a J. Rossiter listed at the business address after that time in local newspapers.
+It would appear that a relative took over the business in the 1910s because there is a J. Rossiter listed at the business address after that time in local newspapers.
 By 1905, he had moved both his business to 9 [[Grand Parade]]<ref>1905 Kelly's directory</ref>, being listed as a widower by 1911 living alone at 33 [[Silchester Road]]<ref>1911 Census return</ref>.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 J. Smith was the proprietor of St Leonards Caves. These caves were in [[Caves Road]] close to the rear of the [[Sussex Hotel]]. No trace of the cave entrance survives to the present day due to rock-falls in the unstable cliff.
 == Excavation ==
-The cave was tunnelled by [[William Smith (1799-1855)|Mr. William Smith]] in the operation of sand getting for building purposes. It contained several neatly trimmed and furnished apartments including kitchen, parlour, bed rooms etc, occupied by Mr. Smiths family. The cave, together with baby's cot cut into the rock, used to be shown to visitors for a small fee.  Mr. Smith died in 1855 at 56 years of age - his widow moving to [[Undercliff]]e.  The cave was once the secret depository of smuggled goods and in about 1835 there was a privateer still at work in them. [[Thomas Brandon Brett (1816-1906)|Brett]] describes them as not being as large as the [[St. Clements Caves]]<ref name="chap31">Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 3: Chapter XXXI - St. Leonards 1844#273a|Vol. 3 Chap 31 Pg. 273a]]</ref>.
+The cave was tunnelled by [[William Smith (1799-1855)|Mr. William Smith]] by means of sand quarrying for building purposes. It contained several neatly trimmed and furnished apartments including kitchen, parlour, bed rooms etc, occupied by Mr. Smiths family. The cave, together with a baby's cot cut into the rock, used to be shown to visitors for a small fee.  Mr. Smith died in 1855 at 56 years of age - his widow moving to [[Undercliff]]e.  The cave was once the secret depository of smuggled goods and in about 1835 there was a privateer still at work in them. [[Thomas Brandon Brett (1816-1906)|Brett]] describes them as not being as large as the [[St. Clements Caves]]<ref name="chap31">Brett Manuscript Histories [[Brett Volume 3: Chapter XXXI - St. Leonards 1844#273a|Vol. 3 Chap 31 Pg. 273a]]</ref>.
 ==Use by Smugglers==
-Brett relates that during 1835, the caves were used to store (and perhaps distill) contraband brandy and that on one occasion, Smith was alerted to a raid by the preventive men. The equipment and goods that had been concealed in the cave were quickly removed to a loft in one of the nearby mews (either Victoria or Harold) from where it was stolen and subsequently taken to Catsfield/Ninfield where the distillation was completed and the illicit goods sold in the neighbouring towns and villages<ref name="chap31"/>.
+Brett relates that during 1835, the caves were used to store (and perhaps distill) contraband brandy and that on one occasion, Smith was alerted to a raid on the caves planned by the preventive men. The equipment and goods that had been concealed in the cave were quickly removed to a loft in one of the nearby mews (either Victoria or Harold) from where it was stolen and subsequently taken to Catsfield/Ninfield where the distillation was completed and the illicit goods sold in the neighbouring towns and villages<ref name="chap31"/>.
 ==Description from Ross' Guide==